Low vitamin D levels predict subclinical peripheral arterial disease

Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with a reduced ankle-brachial index, an indicator of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), according to findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in the U.S. Although evidence from basic science research links low vitamin D levels with cardiovascular risk, epidemiologic studies are inconclusive.