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February 2008

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SOAP notes and medical necessity

Q:My daily SOAP notes start to look the same after about visit 24. The patient still relates problems to me, but it seems as though I am writing the same information down every time. How do I make sure my notes can prove medical necessity, even on the 85th visit?

A:To answer this, let’s begin with general guidelines for SOAAP notes (note, the extra “A” for Activity of Daily Living).

S stands for the history of subjective complaints. These subjective complains include:

  • Chief complaint: location, duration, changes since last visit (better, same, worse);
  • Pain scale: 1–10 (1 = mild pain, 5 = moderate, 10 = severe);
  • Pain characteristic: sharp, dull, achy, numb, radiating, stiff, and tingling;
  • Pain frequency: occasional, up to 25 percent of the day; intermittent, up to 50 percent of the day; frequent, up to 75 percent of the day, constant is up to 100 percent of the day

O stands for objective findings from your examination. Examples include:

  • Observation of head tilt, high shoulder, rib hump, high iliac crest, antalgic lean, leg length, and deficiencies;
  • Range of motion;
  • Tenderness, inflammation;
  • Muscle strength and muscle tone (spasm, hypertonic, hypotonic);
  • Hypomobile joint function; and
  • Taut and tender muscle fibers.

A stands for the activities of daily living evaluation, such as:

  • Statements concerning abilities: “Patient is unable to walk more than five minutes due to the pain” or “Patient is unable to tie his shoes due to the pain;”
  • Function status (how symptoms impact daily living): Minimal (“Patient forgets pain when performing activity”), Slight (“Patient takes infrequent breaks to allow continuation of activity”), Moderate (“Patient has marked difficulty, requiring frequent breaks and significant modification of tasks”), Severe (“Patient is precluded from any type of activity”).

A also stands for the assessment. Examples include:

  • Muscle spasm in the quadratus lumborum has decreased 10 percent;
  • Cervical range-of-motion has increased 20 percent;
  • The pain scale is now 2, used to be 8.

P stands for the plan of treatment, such as:

  • Patient should continue with prescribed exercises;
  • Patient must be on complete bed rest;
  • Patient should apply ice three times per day;
  • Patient should continue three visits per week for another two weeks.

Chiropractic care is considered medically necessary when your documentation can show that your treatment is expected to improve (significantly) or resolve a condition and continued care will result in functional

improvement.

Once the clinical status stabilizes, without expectation of additional objective clinical improvements, further chiropractic care is considered maintenance.

Most chiropractors prefer spending time helping their patients rather than filling out forms. However, one of the responsibilities of running a successful chiropractic office is ensuring that you record the services you provide so that you can receive proper reimbursement.

Documenting progress

Here is an example of how to write an effective goal:

“Goal: Improve range of motion. Patient should transition from severe restriction in forward bending and needing assistance putting on a pair of socks to not needing assistance within two weeks. The patient lives alone. Achieving this goal will increase the patient’s independence and improve his quality of life.”

When you write your progress notes, refer to the original goal to make it easy for the reviewer to see progress. For example, do not state ”Able to bend forward better.” Instead, write, “After one week, patient is able to put on socks intermittently without assistance and is 50 percent on the way to reaching the goal.”

SET GOALS

When you complete your initial evaluation, write down goals for the patient and establish a feasible timeline in which to reach these goals. The biggest mistake chiropractors make is setting goals that are not objective, quantifiable, or functional.

Make your daily notes brief, but intermittently relate to your patient’s initial goals. Instead of simply writing “Initial goals continue to be realistic,” write, “Goals will be met in six more visits” or “Treatment will be extended for two more weeks.”

Also, add information such as, “The prescribed low-back exercises were too painful and had to be eliminated.” Then explain the activities you will do with the patient.

In short, your daily notes need to support the charges, and your weekly notes need to address progress toward the patient’s goals.

Submit claims to insurance companies as long as you feel you can prove medical necessity, this might be for eight visits, 50 visits or even 85 visits — as long you can show medical necessity.

Head Shot Marty Kotlar, DC, CHCC Marty Kotlar, DC, CHCC, is the president of Target Coding Inc. He is certified in healthcare compliance and has been helping chiropractors optimize insurance reimbursement through proper and compliant CPT coding since 1992. He can be reached at 800-270-7044, www.TargetCoding.com, or by email at drkotlar@targetcoding.com.

 

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