1905 — D. D. Palmer is indicted for practicing medicine without a license.

In April 1906, four months after marrying his fifth wife, D. D. Palmer was convicted. He served 23 days in jail and was fined $350 plus $39.50 in costs.

From his jail cell, D. D. established the argument that chiropractic is not the practice of medicine, nor do chiropractors desire to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics.

REFERENCES

• Moore, J. Stuart. Chiropractic in America: The History of a Medical Alternative, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

• Peterson, Dennis and Wiese, Glenda. Chiropractic: An Illustrated History, Mosby, 1995.

• Wardwell, Walter I. Chiropractic: History and Evolution of a Profession, Mosby, 1992.